It can spread through non-sexual contact with saliva, such as kissing. HSV-2 typically leads to genital herpes, which means that symptoms usually develop around the genital and anal areas. It is also a lifelong condition, and symptoms only appear during flare-ups. HSV-1 most commonly spreads through oral-to-oral contact, which can be with sores, saliva, or the area around the mouth. Transmission may also occur due to sharing lip balm, a toothbrush, or any other product that has come into contact with HSV.
People have a much higher risk of contracting HSV-1 if they come into contact with someone who has an active outbreak of symptoms.
In some cases, it is also possible for people to transmit HSV-1 during sexual activity. Transmission of HSV-2 almost always takes place during sexual contact.
This includes any contact with the skin, sores, saliva, or bodily fluids of someone with HSV-2, and it can occur during vaginal, oral, or anal sex. It is usually possible for doctors to diagnose HSV by carrying out a physical examination of symptoms during an outbreak.
The sores are easy to identify as a sign of HSV infection. A doctor will also ask questions about the symptoms. It is also possible that they will take a sample from a sore. Alternatively, if the individual does not have symptoms, the doctor can use a blood test to detect the infection.
Although there is no cure for either type of HSV, symptoms are often not present, and treatment may not be necessary. Treatments are available to help control symptoms and reduce the frequency of outbreaks.
Some medications can also reduce the risk of transferring HSV to others. Antiviral creams or ointments are available for the sores. These treatments should help relieve the itching, stinging, and discomfort. HSV is a highly prevalent viral infection. It spreads rapidly through direct contact, and the chances of contracting the virus are relatively high. In many cases, a person will not experience any symptoms. However, some people have no symptoms at all. During the initial infection, sores can occur on and around the lips and throughout the mouth.
Recurring infections tend to be much milder, and the sores usually erupt on the edges of the lips. Some people never have any additional outbreaks beyond the initial infection. The following are the most common signs and symptoms of a recurring oral herpes simplex virus infection. Painful, fluid-filled blisters may appear on the lips or under the nose.
The blisters and fluid are highly contagious. The signs and symptoms of an oral herpes outbreak may look like other conditions or medical problems.
Always consult your health care provider for an accurate diagnosis. Since oral herpes can be confused with many other infections, including allergic reactions, a virus culture PCR , blood test or biopsy are the only ways to confirm your diagnosis. However, your health care provider may also diagnose your condition based on the location and appearance of the blisters.
Although the specific triggers that cause oral herpes to recur are unclear, several factors may play a role.
These include:. People can get HSV-1 by kissing or touching someone with cold sores, or by sharing eating utensils, towels, or other items with an infected person. Many people with HSV-1 got it as kids during their preschool years. Cold sores usually go away in about 1 to 2 weeks. No medicines can make the virus go away. But some treatments can help make cold sores less painful and not last as long:.
The virus that causes cold sores is very contagious. To help prevent it from spreading to others:. Be especially careful not to touch your eyes. If HSV-1 gets into the eyes, it can cause a lot of damage. Reviewed by: Larissa Hirsch, MD. Larger text size Large text size Regular text size. What Are Cold Sores? But it can wake up again later from things like: other infections a fever sunlight cold weather menstrual periods stress , like before a big test at school When the virus reactivates, it can cause tingling and numbness around the mouth before blisters appear.
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