I like to make a distinction between identifying the part of speech and its function. For one thing, where is still acting as an adverb in its clause, even as it also functions as a conjunction.
In this sentence, where is a relative adverb functioning as a subordinating conjunction. Wait, so the new grammar books are calling "where" a preposition? Do you know where on the web I could get more updated grammar information like this? They really completely stop using the term "conjunction"?? Your comment about the fused relative makes a lot of sense to me and I like that term. What type of clauses can fused relative introduce?
Thanks to entangledbank for pointing out the CGEL. I've just scanned through the two sample chapters, and it seems to be standard post-Chomskyan fare. I believe that fishmb's confusion derives partly from the level at which one is operating. CGEL's more technically but by no means full-blown linguistic level of operation cuts through a lot of the "traditional" grammar explanation proffered in English courses where by traditional I don't mean only the old-fashioned prescriptive menu, but also a more enlightened functionalist approach such as I adopt in my EFL classes , for syntax is but one of the many concerns occupying a teacher.
Thus, at the latter level adjective, adverb, and noun clauses continue to be alive and well, while at the CGEL level they are more realistically dealt with. I agree the teacher shouldn't confuse students with this terminology, but I wasn't asking what I should teach my students. I'm asking because I'm trying to sort it out for my personal benefit. What would any of you say some of the primary differences are between the 'CGEL' method and the 'traditional' method, and which of the terms that we've been bandying about is a CGEL term and which is a traditional term?
Nunty Senior Member Jerusalem. Hebrew-US English bilingual. Moderator note: This is not a forum for discussing teaching methods. This is because a subordinate clause begins with a subordinate conjunction or a relative pronoun. None of the above clauses can give a complete idea. You have to combine them with independent clauses to get a full meaning. For instance,. Figure She ran on the beach until the sun went down.
Furthermore, subordinate clauses can have various roles in a sentence. They can act as nouns, adjectives or adverbs. The lady who talked to me wore a blue halter dress.
Whatever you think makes no difference to us. I wandered along the path until the sun went down. A relative clause is a clause that begins with a relative pronoun while a subordinate clause is a clause that begins with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun. Hence, this is the key difference between relative clause and subordinate clause. Moreover, based on their role, we can identify another difference between relative clause and subordinate clause. That is; while the relative clause acts as an adjective, the subordinate clause can act as a noun, adjective, or as an adverb.
Here the relative pronoun who joins the clauses There is the girl and She won the prize. A relative pronoun acts as the subject or object of the verb that comes after it.
Therefore we do not need another subject or object. In the sentence given above the relative pronoun who is the subject of the verb won. Conjunctions Using coordinating conjunctions The conjunctions and, or and but New!
The conjunction nor The conjunction yet Common errors with conjunctions New! Tenses exercises and worksheets Mistakes with verbs Exercise 1 Mistakes with verbs Exercise 2 Mistakes with verbs Exercise 3 Mistakes with verbs Exercise 4. Conjunctions vs. One conjunction for two clauses One conjunction is enough to join two clauses - we do not normally use two.
Though he is poor, he is happy.
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